what is a stress test pregnancy

2 min read 30-12-2024

A stress test during pregnancy, also known as a non-stress test (NST) or cardiotocography (CTG), is a simple, non-invasive procedure used to monitor your baby's heartbeat and your contractions. It's a crucial tool to assess fetal well-being, especially in later pregnancy. This article will explore what a stress test involves, when it's used, and what the results might mean.

Why Would My Doctor Order a Stress Test?

Your doctor might recommend a stress test for several reasons:

High-Risk Pregnancy: Pregnancies with pre-existing conditions like gestational diabetes, high blood pressure (preeclampsia), or multiple pregnancies are often monitored more closely. A stress test helps ensure the baby is tolerating these conditions well.
Reduced Fetal Movement: If you notice a decrease in your baby's movements, a stress test can help determine if everything is okay. Decreased movement can be a sign that the baby isn't getting enough oxygen.
Post-Date Pregnancy: If you're past your due date, a stress test helps assess the baby's health and guide decisions about labor induction.
Other Concerns: Your doctor might order a stress test if they have other concerns about your pregnancy or your baby's health, such as suspected placental insufficiency.

What Happens During a Stress Test?

The procedure is typically painless and takes about 20-30 minutes. You'll lie on your side or sit comfortably in a chair. Two belts will be placed around your abdomen:

One belt monitors your contractions: This uses a sensor to detect uterine activity.
Another belt monitors your baby's heartbeat: This utilizes a Doppler ultrasound to listen for your baby’s heartbeat.

You might be asked to press a button every time you feel your baby move. This helps correlate fetal movement with the heartbeat. Sometimes, a mild uterine contraction will be induced with nipple stimulation.

Interpreting the Results: What Does it Mean?

The results of a non-stress test are classified as either reactive or non-reactive.

Reactive Non-Stress Test:

A reactive test is generally considered a good result. It means your baby's heart rate is accelerating appropriately in response to movement, indicating adequate oxygenation. This usually reassures doctors that the baby is doing well.

Non-Reactive Non-Stress Test:

A non-reactive test means that the baby's heart rate isn't accelerating as expected. This doesn't automatically mean something is wrong, but it does require further investigation. Your doctor may order additional tests, such as a biophysical profile (BPP) or a contraction stress test (CST), to get a more complete picture.

Important Note: A non-reactive result doesn't automatically mean your baby is in distress. It simply indicates the need for more monitoring.

FAQs about Pregnancy Stress Tests

How often will I need a stress test?

The frequency of stress tests depends on your individual circumstances and risk factors. Some women may only need one, while others might have several throughout their pregnancy.

Is a stress test painful?

No, the test is painless. You might feel a little pressure from the belts, but it shouldn't be uncomfortable.

What if the results are non-reactive?

A non-reactive result doesn't mean there's a problem. It simply means more monitoring is needed. Your doctor will explain the next steps.

Conclusion

A stress test during pregnancy is a valuable tool for assessing fetal well-being. While it can be slightly anxiety-inducing, understanding the procedure and what the results mean can help alleviate some concerns. Remember, your doctor is there to guide you through the process and answer any questions you may have. If you have any doubts or concerns, don't hesitate to speak with your healthcare provider. They can provide personalized information and reassurance.